LOMBARDIA
febbraio 16, 2015(English version below)
Tra alpi innevate e colline d'Oltrepo si staglia un meraviglioso quadro di laghetti pittoreschi e pianure nebbiose e prospere. La brezza di lago accarezza le ampie distese di granoturco, mentre le mucche al pascolo regalano latte e formaggi prelibati… Siamo in Lombardia, dove un vasto paesaggio agricolo si contrappone a vivissime città in movimento, fervide di cultura, storia e innovazione… Paese del Panettone, pandolci e prodotti da forno, qui la pasticceria è l'incontro di culture medievali e contadine mai scalzate dal fermento cittadino, ricche di ricette semplici con ingredienti genuini come il latte, il mais ed altri cereali, ma anche di culture e tradizioni piemontesi confinanti, che celebrano i tipici prodotti del territorio, come il riso e le castagne. Milano, cuore pulsante della Lombardia, tra 100 giorni esatti ospiterà l'esposizione universale sul cibo più grande mai realizzata al mondo (EXPO 2015). In occasione di tale evento, Ginger&Jane, da anni affezionata alla Lombardia, non vedrà l'ora di svelarvi i classici dolci lombardi, percorrendo, insieme ad un personaggio che presto amerete, la storia, dolce e nostalgica, della città che fu.
Intanto, scopriamo alcuni tra i più tipici ingredienti della pasticceria lombarda:
PROFUMI DELLA LOMBARDIA
La Cotognata è un sapore d'altri tempi, una specialità antica e tramandata da madre in figlia, preparata in casa e conservata in barattoli. Esiste la varietà spalmabile, tra cui la famosa Cotognata di Cremona, e quella solida, tagliata in cubetti ricoperti di zucchero, diffusa nel bresciano, dove è molto amata sia nella versione senapata che dolce, tradizionalmente consumata il 13 dicembre, per Santa Lucia. Ma è Codogno, in provincia di Lodi, che attribuisce l'origine al proprio territorio dove, in passato, la coltivazione del melo era ampia: proprio il cotogno è anche uno dei simboli della città. Agli inizi del secolo, ai primi di ottobre, la mela con lo zucchero e il gelificante venivano amalgamati e cotti in ampi paioli di rame. Oggi si usano caldaie in acciaio, ma la produzione resta artigianale, con mele cotogne non trattate, ridotte a purea insieme alla buccia per mantenerne integre le proprietà organolettiche. E' ideale col tè o a fine pasto abbinata alla "raspadura". Va infatti notato come la frutta nella cucina lombarda sia anche usata come contorno dolce da abbinare a piatti salati: basti pensare alla famosa Mostarda di Mantova, frutta candita con zucchero ed essenza di senape, preparata anch'essa con mele cotogne o pere, di cui Mantova vanta un prodotto PAT.
Riso
Grano Saraceno
English version
Between snowy Alps and hills behind the Po extends a beautiful landscape of picturesque lakes and foggy and prosperous low land. The lake breeze caresses the long expanses of corn, while grazing cows give milk and delicious cheeses... We are in Lombardy, where a vast agricultural panorama contrasts with vivid cities on the move, fervent in culture, history and innovation... It's the country of Panettone and baked goods. The lombard bakery meets medieval and farmer culture never undermined by the turmoil of the city, full of simple recipes with genuine ingredients like milk, corn and other cereals, but also of neighboring cultures and traditions of Piedmont, celebrating the typical local products, such as rice and chestnuts. Milan, the heart of Lombardy, in exactly 100 days hosts the universal exhibition on food, the largest ever made in the world (EXPO 2015). At that event, Ginger&Jane, for years fond of Lombardy, is looking forward to reveal the classic Lombard desserts, taking a sweet and nostalgic route through the-city-that-was together with a character that you soon you will love!
FLAVORS OF LOMBARDIA
Maize, or corn, is a large plant domesticated for the first time by the Indians in America about ten thousand years ago. The civilization of the corn is discovered by Columbus, and he introduced the cultivation in Italy in 1493. But it was Vespucci who brought the first variety of seed, from Argentina, able to flourish in Europe. It spreads quickly in Northern Italy, and in Lombardy its cultivation is placed at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Maize had higher productivity than that of other cereals and lent itself to be grown in small plots outside the control of masters. That's why it spread rapidly in the rural world, feeding whole populations during periods of famine. The traditional uses of corn saw the use of milled grain for feeding, the cob and stalk as fuel, the leaves to feed livestock and fill mattresses, stalks as litter. Nothing went throw away! Today maize is also used for starch, paper and plastic industry, while the food industry is mainly concentrated in the production of cornflour used for "Polenta", the old main Lombard dish, but also for cakes and genuine cookies, like the soft "Amor Polenta", the crumbled "Sbrisolona" and the delicate "Pan de Mej".
Milk, cow's milk in general, has a fundamental role because it is the first nourishment of mammals puppies, including humans! It has high-quality nutritional, including whey protein and casein, such as vitamins B2 , B12 and A, and calcium. It is the most economic food to meet the needs of animal protein. Raw milk straight from the cow has a high bacterial load: it's sold only within defined areas and hygienic conditions and it's still required to boil before drinking. To reduce its bacterial flora it should be heated with a treatment that goes from pasteurization (fresh milk and pasteurized) , if subjected to heat treatment within 48 hours from milking, to UHT treatment, if subjected to high temperatures with conservation up to 3 months from packaging, to sterilization, which ensures the complete elimination of the bacteria and also allows to store more than 6 months, but contains less nutrients. The milk in Italy is widely consumed as a beverage, even with coffee for Cappuccino, or with its many derivatives. It represents one of the main ingredients of bakery when you consider the custards, whipped cream, chocolate or butter for cakes and art of pies. Lombardy has long been the first Italian region for the production of milk, with its 41% of national production. The use of milk in Lombard bakery is indisputable: ranges from cream and butter for cakes and biscuits, milk with polenta, to the famous Mascarpone cream: it is one of the many protected cheeses of the region, made from the processing of cream and citric acid or acetic acid. It has a creamier texture and therefore also used for desserts: just sweeten it a bit, it's ideal to stuff and accompany a soft slice of Panettone, or, mixed with eggs, to create the gorgeous cream of the famous Tiramisù.
Pome fruit production is widespread in Lombardy and is mainly concentrated in Valtellina, famous for its protected apples of different varieties and quinces, once much more widespread. The quince is an ancient fruit, introduced from Western Asia and much appreciated by the Romans, who ate it raw with honey or to produce cider, considered a symbol of love and fertility. Its sweet and reddish pulp makes it ideal for jams and jelly:
The quince cheese, called "Cotognata", is a taste of the past, an old specialty, handed down from mother to daughter , homemade and preserved in jars. We know a spreadable variety, including the famous Cotognata of Cremona, and the solid one, cut into cubes covered with sugar, widespread in Brescia, where it is very popular both in the version sweet and with mustard, traditionally consumed in December 13, for St. Lucia. But it's Codogno, in the province of Lodi, which attributes the origin to its territory, where, in the past, the cultivation of apple trees was so wide to consider the quince symbol of the city. At the beginning of the century, in early October, the quince with sugar and gelling agent were blended and cooked in large copper pots. Today we use steel boilers, but production remains craftsmanship, with untreated and organic quinces, reduced to puree along with the peel to maintain intact the organoleptic properties. Ideal with tea or after meal combined with Grana cheese. It should be noted that the fruit in the cuisine of Lombardy is also used as a sweet side dish to match with savory dishes: just think of the famous Mustard of Mantua, candied fruits with sugar and mustard essence, which is also prepared with quince or pears of Mantova.
The exquisite fruit that marks the arrival of Winter is widespread in Lombardy. Known since the Middle Ages for its healing properties, particularly against gout and migraine, it's celebrated with cheerful town festivals that extend up in Piedmont, with roasted chestnuts and mulled wine at will. The chestnut, considered the "bread of the poor", has been a main food source of mountain populations during fall and winter, because it is very nutritious and high in carbohydrates. The chestnut groves in Lombardy are present in the provinces of Como, Lecco, Sondrio, Bergamo and Brescia. Lombard chestnuts are sweet, tasty and fragrant, and have a good size. They are widely used in the kitchen. In bakery it's used for creams, jams and honey. With the chestnut flour, it's the main ingredient of many chestnut cakes, like the Mont Blanc, also used for mousse and pancakes. Once it was stored in wooden chests, to protect the flour from air and light, and was used to make polenta. Craft beer with chestnuts is also appreciated, produced in lot of Lombard breweries.
The cereal most widespread in Lombardy (particularly in Lomellina) is definitely the rice, a plant of the grass family of ancient cultivation, coming from Eastern countries with tropical climate. Rice requires particular conditions of temperature and humidity , that the Po Valley offers. The first information on the cultivation of rice in Lomellina date from the end of the fifteenth century. At that time, in fact , the Marquis of Mantua gave several bags of rice transported from the East to his cousin in Milan, Ludovico il Moro : from that moment , the rice began its spread before in Lomellina, then in 1482 in Villanova with Gian Galeazzo Visconti and later the cultivation was widespread in the farms of the Sforza noble family, near Vigevano. But it is only in the nineteenth century, with the construction of the Canal of Cavour, that it has constantly grown with a current production far superior to the past. Today Lombardy is in fact, after the long Piedmontese tradition, the second region in Italy devoted to rice. The most common species is the Carnaroli, with its elongated and thin grains, good for risotto. Other species are Vialone Nano of Mantua, small and round, the Padano, short and pearly, the Balilla, sticky and suitable for desserts and soups, and the very fine Volano. Rice is the main ingredient of the most popular first course of Lombardy, the Risotto. But rice flour is also consumed for cakes, pies and biscuits giving them a simple and delicate taste.
Another typical Lombard cereal is the buckwheat, grown in Valtellina, in the area of Teglio, where it finds the ideal environmental conditions. Its scientific name is Fagopyrum, which comes from the combination of the Latin Fagus (beech), because of the triangular achenes similar to those of beechnuts, and the greek Piros (wheat). Once considered less valuable, used only for peasant cooking, buckwheat is distinguished from common cereal for the high biological value of its proteins. It's a good source of fiber and minerals, especially manganese and magnesium, and it is gluten-free, therefore suitable for people with celiac disease. Buckwheat is consumed in vegetable soups and especially in the form of flour: the buckwheat flour has a great tradition in Lombardy, where we still find some mills in millstone according to ancient techniques of milling. It . Besides buckwheat polenta, called "black" polenta, this flour is also used for the preparation of pasta, such as crepes and Pizzoccheri, and for various desserts, especially from Valtellina, such as the Cake of Livigno, or the buckwheat Cookies of Sondrio.
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